Modifications to actin have been associated with diseases including but not limited to age-related macular degeneration (PMID: 17652714), cardiovascular disease (PMID: 21232667), and Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 11246152).įor murine tissue sample, conjugated antibody (HRP-66009) or rabbit antibody (20536-1-AP) is preferable. While small molecules are known to alter actin, post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation can also affect actin (PMID: 23195437). What are the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) to beta actin?Īlterations to actin proteins can modulate their properties and function. Total liver lysates were subjected to detect the expression levels of -actin, GAPDH, and -Tubulin by western blot. Although some evidence suggests variation in tissue types and developing embryos (PMID: 23099774) if expression is stable across conditions, beta-actin is still considered by many to be a suitable gene for normalization.īeyond its role as a housekeeping gene, it has been shown that beta-actin associates with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and can therefore regulate nitric oxide activity in endothelial cells (PMID: 12734108). The sections were incubated with primary antibodies mouse anti-actin (58169, Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA, United States) and rabbit anti-SMA (19245, Cell.

Beta-actin can be used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA or protein levels in quantitative studies of expression. What are the applications for beta-actin?Īs it is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed, beta-actin is a useful loading control in techniques such as RT-PCR and Western Blots to measure baseline expression and degradation. Beta-actin is located in the cytoplasm of non-muscle cells, particularly where the plasma membrane meets the cytoskeleton (PMID: 1993736) and is found co-distributed with alpha-actin (PMID: 9490838). What is the molecular weight of beta-actin?Īctins are a key part of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell motility, structure, and signaling, with beta-actin as part of the contractile apparatus.

It has been widely used as the internal control in RT-PCR and Western Blotting. supernatants (S) separated from pellets (P) and all were analyzed by Western Blot with anti-actin antibody (we used Anti-Actin mAb from Calbiochem. Beta-actin (or β-actin) is a cytoskeletal actin isoform, highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic organisms, making it a commonly used 'housekeeping gene' in many laboratory techniques. At least six isoforms of actins are known in mammals and other vertebrates. Actins are highly conserved globular proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

Anti actin antibody western blot